Acknowledgements We are grateful to all of the organisations across Asia who generously shared their time and expertise for this project. We thank them for carrying out detailed research to inform this working paper: Our Chinese researcher; Project 39A in India; Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (ICJR) in Indonesia; Malaysian Centre for Constitutionalism and Human Rights (MCCHR) and Abdul Rashid Ismail in Malaysia; Justice Project Pakistan (JPP) in Pakistan; Transformative Justice Collective and Rocky Howe in Singapore; and Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP) in Taiwan. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of The Rights Practice and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Disclaimer This publication is a working paper and is not for citation. This publication is provided for general information purposes only and nothing contained in the publication is intended to provide legal or other professional advice. The Rights Practice is not responsible or liable for any matter relating to any third parties accessing or using the report or its content. The Rights Practice The Foundry 17 Oval Way London SE11 5RR United Kingdom www.rights-practice.org The Rights Practice is a UK registered charity (1133616). We support those working for human rights. The Rights Practice 2022 All rights reserved. 1