Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Chinese lawyers, legal scholars and family members who shared their views and experience with us in the research for this report. We would also like to thank The Cyrus R. Vance Center for International Justice for their research on the relevant international law. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of The Rights Practice and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Disclaimer This report is provided for general information purposes only and nothing contained in the report is intended to provide legal or other professional advice. The Rights Practice is not responsible or liable for any matter relating to any third parties accessing or using the report or its content. The Rights Practice The Foundry 17 Oval Way London SE11 5RR United Kingdom www.rights-practice.org The Rights Practice is a UK registered charity (1133616). We support those working for human rights. The Rights Practice 2020 All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. 1