Kaneezan Bibi has also been diagnosed with the same severe lifelong mental illness (Schizophrenia) and Ghulam Abbas suffers from cognitive/intellectual impairment. Learned counsel further contended that in the face of these mental illnesses, it is inhumane to execute the sentence of death of these condemned prisoners. While referring to certain provisions of the Prison Rules, 1978 (Rules), learned counsel contended that from a wholistic reading of the referred Rules, it can safely be inferred that the condemned prisoners, because of their serious mental illness, are unable to understand and follow the mandatory procedures required to be followed before their execution. Therefore, learned counsel prayed that this Court may consider serious mental illness of the condemned prisoners as a mitigating circumstance for converting their sentences of death into imprisonment for life. 16. However, learned counsel for the complainant (in the case of condemned prisoner Imdad Ali) opposed the prayer of the learned counsel for the condemned prisoner and argued that at the time of commission of crime, Imdad Ali was mentally fit and knew the consequences of his action. He further argued that at this belated stage, when he has virtually exhausted all the remedies available to him under the law, he is not entitled to any indulgence. 17. Brigadier (Retd.) Professor Dr. Mowadat Hussain Rana, learned amicus, apprised the Court about the concept and nature of different mental diseases. He stated that unlike physical illnesses, mental disorders are misunderstood by majority of the people. He elaborated that there are myths and misconceptions surrounding mental illnesses, their causes, consequences, and the way they influence human behavior and even the enlightened sections of the society consider mental illness a curse. 18. He was of the view that even in legal circles, mental illnesses are inadequately understood often raising suspicion and doubt. He expressed his view that many in the legal profession consider mental illnesses as abstract conditions that are more "in the air" or as spiritual and psychological conditions that people experience transiently as a result of tensions and stresses of life, rather than diseases of mind and brain with a scientific basis. They may believe that a mentally ill individual can be spotted easily by asking few questions to determine if he/she is 'sane' or otherwise. 19. He further elaborated that another common misconception is that mental illnesses can be very easily feigned in order to circumvent the law. He added that there is a wrong impression as well that there are no specific assessment methods, diagnostic laboratories, radiological tests, or known scientific, structural and demonstrable means to determine or diagnose mental illnesses. He stressed that these notions, unfortunately, do not have a scientific basis because psychiatric disorders are like any other medical disorder. The diagnosis and objective determination of such disorders is a highly technical and a professional pursuit and like all other medical disorders, can only be assessed by Psychiatrists with the help of mental health professionals through rigorous clinical, psychometric and scientific electrophysiological and radiological tests and scans of functions of brain and mind. He also added that a mentally ill individual with disturbed higher mental